The Perfect Body Campaign Advertisement - 1214 Words

â€Å"The Perfect Body Campaign† This image entitled â€Å"The perfect Body Campaign: Advertisement 1† portrays pale bodies juxtaposed against an achromatic backdrop, each either slyly looking away or smiling coquettishly at the camera. Thick, sizable lettering fills the center of the image audaciously proclaiming that these women have â€Å"The Perfect Body†. Each woman wears a matching bra and pantie. Their bodies are svelte with at least one of their feet angled into a pointed position as if they are dancing their way into the viewers’ bedrooms. A darker figure occupies the center of the image. Her skin is is just a few shades darker than those standing next to her, and her darkness is not palpable until the image is given a second glance, in part because the white bodies surrounding her act as a band-aid for her blackness. The very lighting of the image haunts the darker woman by painting her pores a shade lighter than they actually appear. If the viewer looks closely at the model’s left arm in comparison to their stomach, the stark contrast between the nearly white elbow and tan stomach becomes apparent. The contrast is hidden by the woman on her left shoulder and the positioning of the arm next to lighter panties. Again light and whiteness conceal the true nature of the middle model s skin. When looking at this text the racial quality is not immediately apparent. Yet there is still this undeniable air of whiteness to the image. From the European body structure to the lack ofShow MoreRelatedThe Negatives Of Fitness Advertising995 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough these results may seem extreme this is what many fitness advertisements promote; portraying unrealistic body images and displaying false results. Fitness advertising can be found in print and broadcast forms. While fitness advertising can be viewed as having both positives and negatives, I believe fitness advertising is negative. 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A Business Plan on Unique Furniture in Bd Free Essays

Yes, We are Unique Prepared by: Desperate PREPARED FOR Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Guest Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, Dhaka PREPARED BY Group Name: Desperate Batch : XI , Section : A Dhaka City College, Dhaka. We will write a custom essay sample on A Business Plan on Unique Furniture in Bd or any similar topic only for you Order Now DATE OF SUBMISSION November 29 2012 Group Information Group Name: Desperate List of Group Members: SerialNo. | Full Name| ID| 01| Abu-Bakar-Siddique| 13| 02| Md. Shohel Perves| 15| 03| Md. Nasim Miah| 35| 04| Md. Rakibul Alam| 57| Letter of Transmittal To Mr. Md. Bodiruzzaman Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka City College, Dhaka Subject: To submit the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† Sir, We respectfully state that you have assigned us to write the â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture†. To prepare this report we have given our best effort. However, as we are student and still in learning process there may have some lacking, limitations and errors in this report. We are very much grateful to you for giving us the opportunity to find out and gain knowledge on this aspect of â€Å"Paper made Furniture† in Bangladesh. Preparing this assignment is an experience for us which helps us in our practical life. We would like to thank you for providing us with such opportunity. Sincerely yours, (Md. Shohel Perves) On behalf of Group: â€Å"Desperate† Student declaration We are declaring that the report on the topic of â€Å"A Comprehensive Business Plan on Paper made furniture† has only been prepared for the partial fulfillment of the course requirement of Entrepreneural Development. Executive Summary Unique Furniture is the biggest private furniture produce centre in Bangladesh. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier. The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. We are not only the producer of furniture but also the provider of better service to the furniture. Unique furniture is doing its best to fulfill the wishes of people. Unique furniture has 5 promoters who will promote this business. These owners are highly qualified and experienced. Unique furniture is completely a private company and promoters are solvent enough. But this solvency is not enough for our business. So our 60% capital is external and 40% capital is internal. Unique furniture follows strict rules always. We are liable to provide quality products. To make a marketing plan first of all unique furniture had to look on the current market situation, products, competitors etc. Moreover unique furniture has allocated enough money for advertising and public relation. Financial Plan is one of the main portions of our business. These are mainly technical terms of sales, means of financing, profitability projection etc. The initial cost of project is maximum as per the total cost of project concern which is Tk. 403,55,00,000. In the term of estimates of sales, its accessories price is like present selling price. We have also some labor and rent costs. Unique furniture target of profit mark – up is 30%. Unique furniture will make profit Tk. 111,04,12,919 after 5 years. We hope after this time our company will be the best private furniture producing company in Bangladesh. In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price. We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited. Acknowledgement First of all we would like to thank the Almighty for giving us strength and the aptitude to complete this report. This report is far from complete perfection, but it could not be accomplished without the unity of our team members. We have collected a lot of information from internet and visited many companies. Anything humanly created in the world is not completely perfect and we are no exception. We apologize if there is any error in this report. Table of Content Chapters| Subjects| Page No. | Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 11-12| | 1. 1| Introduction| 11| | 1. 2| Objectives of the Report| 11| | 1. 3| Methodology| 11-12| Part 2| Business Description Segment| 12-15| | 2. 1| General Description of the venture| 12| | 2. 2| Vision| 12| | 2. 3| Mission| 12| | 2. 4| Objectives of the company| 13| | 2. 5| Board of Directors| 13| | 2. 5. 1| Status and Shareholding Percentage| 14| | 2. 6| Management Team| 14| | 2. 7| Organization Structure| 15| Part 3| Marketing Plan| 16-26| | 3. 1| Current Scenario in Bangladesh| 16| | 3. 2| Current market situation| 16| | 3. 3| Marketing department| 17| | 3. 4| Sales department| 17| | 3. 5| Financial department| 17| | 3. 6| HR department| 18| | 3. 7| SWOT Analysis| 18-20| | 3. 8| Competitor Analysis| 21| | 3. | STP Analysis| 21| | 3. 9. 1| Market Segmentation| 22| | 3. 9. 2| Target Market| 22| | 3. 9. 3| Market Positioning| 22| | 3. 10| Marketing Mix Analysis| 23| | 3. 10. 1| Product Identification| 23| | 3. 10. 2| Pricing| 23| | 3. 10. 3| Promotion| 23| | 3. 10. 4| place| 23| | 3. 11| Brand awareness| 24| | 3. 12| Selling and Advertising| 24| | 3. 13| Research analysis| 24 -26| | 3. 14| Corporate social responsibility| 26| Part 4| Financial Analysis| 27-35| | 4. 1| Cost of Project| 27| | 4. 2| Financial Plan and Loan Requirement| 28| | 4. 3| Means of Financing| 29| | 4. 4| Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing| 30| | 4. | Cost of Project Calculation| 31| | 4. 6| Income Statement (One Year)| 32| | 4. 7| Projected Income Statement| 33-34| | 4. 8| Cash Flow Statement| 34| | 4. 9| Balance Sheet| 35| Part 5| Location Analysis| 36| | 5. 1| Location Description| 36| Part 6| Risk Analysis| 37| | 6. 1| Risks Remedies| 37| | 6. 1. 1| Risks| 37| | 6. 1. 2| Remedies| 37| Part 7| Conclusion| 38-40| | 7. 1| Conclusion| 38| | 7. 2| Recommendation| 39| | 7. 3| Bibliography| 39| | 7. 3. 1| Reference of Books| 39| | 7. 3. 2| Reference of Web-Sites| 39| | 7. 3. 3| Product samples| 40| Part 1| Prefatory Parts| 1. 1 Introduction Before starting our journey we want to give you some information of the current situation of furniture sector in Bangladesh. If we see the last year statistics which is provided by Statistic Bureau of Bangladesh that, we can say one company called Otobi. Unique Furniture understands people’s need best and will create and deliver appropriate product services to improve people’s life and make it easier. The ingredients of the Unique Furniture are basically paper and barley. 1. 2 Objectives of the Study * To make the use of paper made furniture popular. * To provide brief information about our company and services. To analyze the sections of the project as example: Marketing, Finance etc. * To start a pilot project from the village named â€Å"Dendabor† at Savar 1. 3 Methodology To organize this report we selected some primary and secondary data sources. To gather the prime information we had to prepare questionnaires and also had to visit the organizations to obtai n information through oral interviews. This report has been prepared by preserving following steps: * At first we represented the theoretical and historical perspective of the report. * We collected a lot of information from the external reports and internet. Then we take help from our teachers and the students of previous batches. * We took authorization to visit a company and lastly we have visited it. * We got different kind of information through oral interviews. * As a final point we delivered our recommendation Part 2| Business Description Segment| 2. 1 General Description of the Venture (Product or Service) We are going for launch a production of equipments that can produce furniture from the paper. We will also open Home service those will provide services to our customers. Customers’ satisfaction is our main objective. 2. 2 Vision We are the new furniture solution provider in Bangladesh achieving our business vision through growth in market reach, increasing operation size, international distribution, total service and consistent branding activities by the being most customers focused ; Innovative, cost effective ; efficient, environmentally responsible ; quality concerned company in the business. 2. 3 Mission To be the most consumer-focused, competitive, efficient, innovative, and environmentally responsible and quality concerned leading market oriented furniture manufacturer, sales and distributor of Bangladesh by the year 2014. . 4 Objectives of the Company * Generate and provide reasonably priced furniture to our customers. * Efficient utilization of Capital, Machineries, Material and Human Resources. * Continuous improvement of customer satisfaction and resource management. * Produce low cost furniture. 2. 5 Board of Directors Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Md. Foysal Director Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Asikollah Supervisor Md. Yeasin Director Shahjada Yeasir Arafat Shuvo Supervisor Farzana Amin Director Md. Rafiqul Islam Supervisor 2. 5. 1 Status and Shareholding Percentage Name| Status| Shareholding Percentage| Md. Abdul Aziz| Chairman| 25%| Md. Rejaul Karim| Vice-Chairman| 15%| Md. Foysal | Director| 15%| Md. Yeasin| Director| 15%| Farzana Amin| Director| 15%| Shahjada Yeasir Arafat | Supervisor| 05%| Md. Asikollah| Supervisor| 05%| Md. Rafiqul Islam| Supervisor| 05%| | Total| 100%| 2. 6 Management Team Md. Abdul Aziz Chairman Md. Rejaul Karim Vice-Chairman Farzana Amin Director (HRM) Md. Yeasin Director (Marketing) Md. Foysal Director (Finance) 2. 7 Organization Structure Office Staffs (40 People) Share Holders Board of Directors Managing Director General Manager Secretary Sales Manager Production Manager Purchase Manager Production associating Staffs (5 people) Sales associating Staffs (5 people) Purchase associating Staffs (5 people) Sales Executives (3 people) Purchase Executives (3 people) Salesman (36 people) Salesman (36 people) Super visors (5 people) Salesman (1000 people) Part 3| Marketing Plan| 3. 1. Current Scenario in Bangladesh Bangladesh is a developing country. Most of the people wanted to decorate their house with furniture. But they can’t properly decorate their house because of high priced furniture’s which are already existed in Bangladesh. So we have a plan to produce furniture from papers which will be lower priced than the other furniture’s. Now people are thinking Unique furniture, people are thinking about how to save money. Now has become a primary need of our customer. So we want to create something new for our business plan and that can also help our society. Some companies like Otobi, Hatil, Pertax are providing the facilities of producing furniture from the wood. But the advantage cannot reach to the people of rural areas. Based on this positive information we are planning to make a project of producing furniture from papers. We hope it will get a good market inside our country. Unique furniture will produce huge quantity of furniture that will meet the need of our country. 3. 2 Current market situation Present situation of furniture is high priced. Increasing price of furniture has become common word now. We have a plan to provide furniture all over the country but middle and upper middle class are our target customers. Some companies are providing facility, but it is less than the demand. Present situation is perfect for this business. Paper made furniture is quite new idea, but we will introduce this to the rural and urban people. We think people will appreciate it and their hope is our inspiration. 3. 3 Marketing Department: Marketing department reports to Sales and works closely with the business line heads, the product development team and Customer Service team globally. The role involves a high level of market sizing and data analysis projects with the objectives of identifying opportunities and risks and forming strategic recommendations to senior management and ideas to satisfy the economic. Here are also some objectives of our marketing department- * Focus on capacity optimization and assigning capacity to potential customer to ensure the highest revenue. Credit monitor, notify customer and ensure superior services delivery to our customer. * To develop mutual business benefits. * Co-ordinate with other departments (i. e. Technical, Billing and Finance) to maintain smooth operation. 3. 4 Sales department: Our sales department has some different objectives. The objectives of our sales department are give n below: * To achieve sales target. * To ensure overall success and customer satisfaction. * Develop new market segments and expand the existing market. 3. 5 Financial Department: Finance department function in our Unique Furniture are being the budgeting and forecasting investment decision making ; raising and allocation fund. * To handle companies TAX ; VAT issues. * Finalize of the statement of income ; expenditure. 3. 6 HR Department: The objectives of HR department are * Conduct recruitment ; selection process by using external /internal sourcing channels and deliver resources on time as per plan though following all stages. * Handle contract renewal management. * Keep ; update all personal files of expatriates ; local employees. 3. 7 SWOT Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Opportunities Weaknesses Threats The following is a SWOT analysis as it applies to the Unique Furniture: Strengths: 1. Sell reasonable and quality products 2. Long durability of the Furniture’s 3. Fulfill with modern furniture’s. Weaknesses: 1. Lack age of advertisement 2. Lacking of relation with customers 3. New idea Opportunities: 1. Use of all types of papers. 2. Creating more job opportunity 3. Rapid industrialization and urbanization 4. Increasing living standards of rural areas. 5. Be a number one brand in furniture sector 6. Providing quality furniture all over the country. Threats: 1. Will be highly competitive market 2. Change of environment 3. Achieving people faith. MarketingParticulars | Performance| Importance| | MajorStrength| MinorStrength| Neutral| MinorStrength| MajorStrength| High| Mid| Low| 1. Companyreputation| Yes| | | | | v| | | 2. Marketshare| | Yes| | | | v| | | 3. Customersatisfaction| Yes| | | | | v| | | 4. Productquality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 5. Servicequality| Yes| | | | | v| | | 6. Pricingeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 7. Promotioneffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 8. Distributioneffectiveness| | Yes| | | | v| | | 9. Sales forceeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 10. Innovationeffectiveness| Yes| | | | | v| | | 11. Geographicalcoverage| | Yes| | | | v| | | 2. Customerretention| Yes| | | | | v| | | SWOT analysis table:This SWOT analysis is apply for Unique furniture: We have an opportunity to create good position and reputation in market. It is only possible when we can solve our all problems and give more attention on our job. 3. 8 Competitor Analysis Furniture business in Bangladesh is highly competit ive. As a new furniture company we have also some competitor. They are 1. Otobi furniture 2. Partex furniture 3. Talukdar farniture 4. Hatil furniture and so on. First competitor for unique furniture is Otobi furniture. Which is leading furniture company in Bangladesh. To become a leading company in Bangladesh we have to compete with these existed furniture company. 3. 9 STP Analysis Marketing strategies: The entire marketing process: 3. 9. 1 Market Segmentation Three types of people live in our society upper class, middle class, and poor. So we also segment our product, price, and market into three groups. We think this marketing method will ideally work. Because different person have different status and parching power. Segmentation is the key to reach them. We segment our product for all kinds’ people in our society. Here is our target market level: 1. Lower class 2. Lower middle class 3. Middle class 4. Upper class 3. 9. 2 Target Market Most of the people in our society are middle and upper middle class. So our first target is to catch the market of middle and upper middle class people. We will also provide our facilities to the rich people. After fulfilling their demand we will provide our business to the mills and factories. 3. 9. 3 Market Positioning Reputation of an institution depends on its quality. We give our first priority to the quality of product. Maintaining quality of product is the only way to achieve the faith of customers and their faith makes our position in the market. . 10 Marketing Mix Analysis 3. 10. 1 Product Identification Most of the equipment that can produce furniture from the papers will be made by us like sofa, chair, table, dining table, reading table, Corner set, book self etc. To produce furniture from papers we need some more products like paper, barley, color, frame, etc and we purchase this from other companies. 3. 10. 2 Pricing At first our target is to reach furniture to the middle and upper middle class customers, so our price should be low. After reaching to the target we fix our price based on market demand. 3. 10. 3 Promotion We have a plan to make furniture which will make by papers. But now we are focus on our present activities to promote the productivity of furniture from papers. After promoting this we will focus on other matters. 3. 10. 4 Place â€Å"Place† means not just the locations of producer facilities, but the locations of all points of sale at which customers may have access to the product or service. That’s why we are going to set up our organization at Savar. We will serve our services to the rural areas of our country. 3. 11 Brand awareness Most people believe in brand. Because brand gives them warranty and make them confident. We have some competitor in the market and they are brand companies like Otobi, pertex, talukdar, Hatil etc. But many people don’t know about their new service of renewable energy. So if we provide more equipment in a short time and advertise more than our business will get a brand name. 3. 12 Selling and Advertising At first we will sell our products base on our customers demand. We don’t recruit any dealer for our product. We will sell our product from our sales centre. First time advertising cost will be more and we have to make peoples interest on our product. We will use TV, Radio, newspapers and Leaflet for our advertising, because these are the most modern and common means of advertising. 3. 12 Slogan and Logo Our Slogan is â€Å"Yes, we are Unique† Our Logo is 3. 13 Research analysis Population: The population of this research project has defined as follow: 1. Elements: All types of people who living within the Dhaka City. 2. Sampling units: All types of people ( Customer and Retailer) 3. Sampling Frame: The distributors and retailers which are located in Uttara, Gazipur, Nilkhet those who are selling different types of furniture. They are the sampling frame of research project. Primary data collected from – 1. Retailers 2. Customer of other furniture Company. 3. Different types of people * Sample size: As the population of this research project is 100 (50 Customers and 50 Retailers). * Sampling procedure: Among probabilistic sampling methods, simple random sampling procedure has been used in order to select sampling unit s from population. * Survey Process: Through face-to-face interview the survey process will be done. * Data processing and Analysis: Based on variables, researcher will analyze all the data basically throughout the subsequent style – 1. Descriptive statistics to identify user’s categories. Instrumentation: Through questionnaires and face to face interview. Activity To prepare this report we survey market many days. We have some question to the customer and retailers when we survey. The customer and retailer’s personal interview and question will be show in this chart: 3. 14 Corporate Social Responsibility We live in a society. We do business for the development of our society. So every business has some social responsibility. Our business has also social responsibility. By using our furniture people can save money but they will get well services from us. We will also spend 5% profit of our business for social development. With this money we will start Tree Plantation Program all over the country and try to fulfill the required 25% forest of our country. It is not possible right now, but we will try our best to complete this work within next20 years. We will also give merit scholarship to the poor meritorious students that they can continue their study. Every year we will take new program to develop our society and that is our corporate social responsibility in marketing. Part 4| Financial Analysis| 4. 1 Cost of Project Making a place is very important for any kinds of business work. We have selected our industrial area at Saver. We have bought a land by loan. Our business construction has been already finished. The total cost of the project will be estimated at TK 30, 00, 00,000. The details costs of the project are as follow as- Particulars| Taka| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| Building| 2,00,00,000| Machinery| 16,00,00,000| Technical expenses| 10,00,000| Pre-operative expenses| 20,00,000| Working capital| 370,00,000| Total| 30,00,00,000| | | | | 4. 2 Financial Plan and Loan Requirement Particulars| Owner’s Equity| Bank Loan| Total| Land and site development| 8,00,00,000| | 8,00,00,000| Building| | 2,00,00,000| 2,00,00,000| Machinery | | 16,00,00,000| 16,00,00,000| Technical Expenses| 10,00,000| | 10,00,000| Pre-Operative Expenses| 20,00,000| | 20,00,000| Working Capital| 3,70,00,000| | 3,70,00,000| Total| 12,00,00,000| 18,00,00,000| 30,00,00,000| Percentage| 40%| 60%| 100%| 4. 3 Means of Financing Company/Our institution will take 40% as owner’s equity and other 60% will be taken as bank loan. The loan amount is 18, 00, 00,000 and 12, 00, 00,000 is the equity capital of Unique Furniture Ltd. 4. 4 Working Capital Requirement and Its Financing Particulars| Amount (TK)| Number| Raw materialsStocks of goods in processStocks of finished goodsOperating expensesTotal| 20,50,0006,00,0004,00,00033,333| | | 30,83,333| | | | | | | | 4. 5 Cost of Project Calculation Capital requirement| Amount| Amount| Fixed Asset:LandBuildingMachineryTotal Fixed AssetPre-operative expensesTechnical expensesWorking Capital:Raw materialsWork-in-processFactory overheadTotal Working CapitalTotal working requirement| 8,00,00,0002,00,00,00016,00,00,000| 26,00,00,00020,00,00010,00,0003,70,00,00030,00,00,000 | | 2,00,00,0001,00,00,00070,00,000| | | | | 4. 6 Income Statement (One Year) Particulars| Amount (TK)| Amount (TK)| Sales (30% Mark Up) Less: Cost of production: Raw materials Work-in- process Factory overhead Gross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expensesTotal administrative ; selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses Depreciation Earning before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%) Profit after Tax | 394,55,00,0002,45,00,0003,00,00,000| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| | 60,50,00,00020,00,50,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 112,91,50,00080,50,50,000| | | 32,41,00,0009,41,00,000| | 23,41,00,0002,70,00,000| | | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| | | 15,53,25,000| | | | | | | 4. 7 Projected Income Statement Particulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Sales (30% Mark Up))Less: Cost of productionGross ProfitLess: Administrative expenses Selling expenses Net Operating ProfitLess: Financial expenses DepreciationEarning Before TaxLess: InterestLess: Tax (25%)Profit After Tax| 512,91,50,000400,00,00,000| 615,49,60,000480,00,00,000| 738,59,76,000576,00,00,000| 886,31,71,20069120,00,000| 1063,58,05,440829,44,00,000| | 112,91,50,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 135,49,80,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 162,59,76,00060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 195,11,71,20060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| 234,14,05,44060,50,00,00020,00,50,000| | 32,41,00,0008,11,00,0001,30,00,000| 54,99,30,0006,73,13,0001,30,00,000| 82,09,26,0005,58,69,7901,30,00,000| 114,61,21,2004,63,71,9261,30,00,000| 153,63,55,4403,84,88,6991,30,00,000| | 23,00,00,0002,70,00,000| 6,96,17,0002,29,95,107| 69,61,86,4201,83,89,481| 108,67,49,2741,30,93,010| 148,48,66,74170,02,069| | 20,71,00,0005,17,75,000| 44,66,21,89311,16,55,473| 67,77 ,96,93916,94,49,235| 107,36,56,26426,84,14,066| 147,78,64,67236,94,66,168| | 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 8 Cash Flow Statement Particulars| Year-2013| Year-2014| Year-2015| Year-2016| Year-2017| Profit After Tax| 15,53,25,000| 33,49,66,420| 50,83,47,704| 80,52,42,198| 110,83,98,504| Add: Depreciation| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| 1,30,00,000| Total Profit| 16,83,25,000| 34,79,66,420| 52,13,47,704| 81,82,42,198| 112,13,98,504| | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 9 Balance Sheet Description| Amount (Tk)| Amount (Tk)| Current assets:CashAccount receivablesInventoriesFixed assets:LandLess: DepreciationBuildingLess: DepreciationMachinery Less: Depreciation Technical ExpensesPower GridLess: DepreciationPre operating costTotal AssetsLiabilities:Accounts payableTaxLong term liabilities:Long term bank loanLess; 1st InstallmentOwner’s equityTotal Liabilities| 12,00,00,0002,10,00,0005,00,00,000| 15,10,00,0005,60,00,0001,90,00,0009,50,00,00010,00,0005,70,00,0002,00,0,00040,00,00,000 12,66,99,28415,33,00,71612,00,00,00040,00,00,000 | | 8,00,00,0002,40,00,000| | | 4,00,00,0002,10,00,000| | | 10,00,00,00050,00,000| | | 6,00,00,00030,00,000| | | 7,49,24,2845,17,75,000| | | 18,00,00,0002,66,99,284| | | | | Part 5| Location Analysis| 5. 1 Location Description Location Address: 112B, Nabinagar, Dendabor Bazar, Savar-Dhaka. Area: 35100 sft. Price of the Land: Tk. 8,00,00,000 Owner of the Land: Unique Furniture Ltd. Co. Part 6| Risk Analysis| 6. 1 Risks Remedies 6. 1. 1 Risks * It’s a new business, people hardly recognized about it. * Lacking of relation with customers 6. 1. 2 Remedies * We have to make people concern about our service. * Home service employees should do their duties responsibly. Part 7| Conclusion| 7. 1 Conclusion In our country there are many kinds of furniture available in the market. But all are not good quality. On the other hand some are very good quality in the market, but there price is high. So we launched new unique furniture which is made by paper. This is high quality and also reasonable price. We are sure if unique furniture comes in the market people will willingly take it and they will be benefited. 7. 2 Recommendation * It is naturally difficult to launch a new product, as new company unique furniture has some limitation. * We will try our best to find out our problem and we solve our problem very soon * Customers are always welcome to give their comments * We are always ready to solve customer problems 7. 3 Bibliography 7. 3. 1 Reference of Books * Entrepreneural Development By A A Khanka * Business Ethics Applications for Higher Secondary 1st 2nd Paper By Md. Khalekuzzaman 7. 3. 2 Reference of Web-Sites: * www. google . com * www. ask. com * www. wikipedida. com 7. 3. 3 Product Samples: How to cite A Business Plan on Unique Furniture in Bd, Essay examples

Human Resource Management Functions Organizational Goals

Question: Discuss about the human resource management functions and the way each function contributes to the organizational goals and objectives. Answer: Introduction Human Resource Management focuses on people dimension in any organization. It is concerned with motivating, hiring and maintaining people in an organization. However, human resource personnel are well positioned in any organization to deal with the objectives of becoming a socially and environmentally responsible organization (Morgeson et al. 2013). The report includes specific HRM activities such as training, performance management and information sharing on employee well-being. According to Kehoe and Wright (2013), the progressive HRM practices leads to the positive relationship between firm-level measures and organizational performance. Functions of Human Resource Management 1) Recruitment and Selection A key function of HRM is to employ right candidate for the right job with right skill mix. This function is proactive that helps the organization to decide its needs well in advance. The focus of recruitment and selection is to match the abilities and preferences of prospective candidates aligned with rewards and demands natural in a given job. However, recruitment attracts high quality applicants so that the best can be selected amongst them. Therefore, this one of the significant factors that top performing organizations devote substantial energy and resources to producing a high-value system of selection (Djabatey 2012). 2) Training and Development The function that deals with total employee participation is strategy-linked training that is essential to the success of organization challenged by rising global competition, the fast pacing of technological change and the shifting workplace demographics. However, training and development in an organization are well suited for three types of activities- to improve the performance of the current work, to train skills for the new job and lastly, to train for a new position in the growth of the individual as well as the organization. The two different methods that help in training and development in an organization are off-the-job training such as role-playing and conferences, and on-the-job training includes job rotation, transfers, mentoring, and coaching (Nassazi 2013). 3) Performance Management Performance Management completely focuses on management process that is continuously based on individual, team performance and performance of the organization. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), this function is a process that is particularly driven by top management and the personnel department that aims to get planned goals, standards and competence requirements for performance management in an organization. However, performance is seen as a combined responsibility of employees and employers with consistent improvement in jobs, tasks, activities that are agreed upon to meet the organization's vision and mission. It provides a conceptual framework for the employers and employees to have a benchmark that differentiates and compares previous performance with the expected performance (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan 2015). 4) Reward Management Reward system is to increase the company's performance by rewarding the employees for achieving the high performance (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). Rewards can be of financial and non-financial means. However, the financial aspects of the rewards are extrinsic in nature that satisfies the necessities of life like salaries, incentives, etc. The non-financial aspects of rewards are intrinsic in nature that is essentially based on psychological needs such employee development, motivation, recognition, and achievement. However, at the level of organization, reward management should help to recruit people, employees needs, and expectation should match with the pay followed by harmony at the workplace (Itika 2011). Organizational Structure The framework of the organizing responsibility, accountability and authority of formal relationships can be stated as organizational structure. However, it is the means of providing determining HR practices integration and flexibility (Daft 2012). The organizations follow a combination of different structures like hierarchical, centralization and decentralization structures that influence the HRM activities. Hierarchical Structure The hierarchical structure involves two types of structure flat and tall structures. Flat structure is wider and more direct with brief lines of communication between various levels. The HR practices are benefitted in information being conveyed and disseminated in the closer form of interaction between subordinates and management. Nevertheless, HR activities in tall structures are spread through the ranks and positions that are transmitted and delivered to different hierarchical levels. However, tall structure leads to disconnection of communication between management and subordinates (Bretton and Gold 2012). Centralization and Decentralization The organizational centralization structure is the fundamental point of decision-making where the strata are based on a diminishing concentric fashion. However, it is less of a democratic structure where the style of leadership and management is to set tasks and give orders. Nevertheless, the organizationally decentralized structure is converse to the centralized structure. However, the power of decision-making is evenly distributed and delegated amongst the subordinates as well as management in the democratic style (Belizon, Morley and Gunnigle 2016). Hence, the decentralization and flat structures are more adaptive to changes the environment of HRM practices than centralized or flat organizational structure (Rishipal 2014). Management Styles The management styles are highly influenced by the culture of the organization about behavior and attitudes of the managers. The different management styles lead to developing multi-cultural and international organizational environments (Uche and Timinepere 2012). The management styles can be of many types like coercive in which managers expect immediate subordinate obedience and compliance motivated by threats of punishment. The other style is authoritative when the manager dominates the team members. The affiliative style provides no clear direction, goals, or standards but keeps the employees happy by considering "people first and task second." However, the democratic style is participative as both managers and employees contribute to the work whereas pace setting is strictly based on the self-direction where the employees take responsibility by themselves before the managers assign the task. Lastly, coaching management style is "developmental" and concerned with high standards an d clear expectations for the subordinates by improving overall organizational performance (Moran, Abramson and Moran 2014). Conclusion The report is based on human resource management functions and the way each function contributes to the organizational goals and objectives. However, the organizational structure and management style influence the human resource practices based on the efficiency of the structure. Nevertheless, one management style is not effective in all situations. However, a blend of organizational structure with management style should be followed to achieve the human resource management to achieve the goals of the organization. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Belizon, M.J., Morley, M. and Gunnigle, P., 2016. Modes of integration of human resource management practices in multinationals.Personnel Review,45(3). Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Daft, R., 2012.Organization theory and design. Nelson Education. Djabatey, E.N., 2012.RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PRACTICES OF ORGANISATIONS, A CASE STUDY OF HFC BANK (GH) LTD(Doctoral dissertation, Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology). Itika, J., 2011.Fundamentals of human resource management: Emerging experiences from Africa(p. 232). African Studies Centre [etc.], Leiden [etc.]. Kehoe, R.R. and Wright, P.M., 2013. The impact of high-performance human resource practices on employees attitudes and behaviors.Journal of Management,39(2), pp.366-391. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824. Nassazi, A., 2013. EFFECTS OF TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE.: Evidence from Uganda. Rishipal, 2014. Analytical Comparison of Flat and Vertical Organizational Structures.European Journal of Business and Management, 6(36). Uche, N. and Timinepere, C.O., 2012. Management Styles and Organizational Effectiveness: An Appraisal of Private Enterprises in Eastern Nigeria.American International Journal of Contemporary Research,2(9), pp.198-204. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G. and Halligan, J., 2015.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge.

The Step-by-Step Guide to Creating a Content Calendar

Content calendars are not just useful for larger brands; they’re a valuable tool for any marketer using content to drive business growth. According to Curata research, 90 percent of marketers now use a content or editorial calendar. And they’re easier to set up and maintain than you think. What is a Content Calendar? A content planner or calendar defines your publishing schedule for weeks or months in advance, giving you a quick overview of your content schedule. Being a shareable resource, it also gives team members clarity about project details and deadlines. Rather than stifling creativity, it will become an ongoing source of content inspiration. Free Actionable Bonus: Looking to elevate your content strategy? Get our our complete guide to creating a content strategy, plus a free content planning template and a list of 30+ places to distribute content Top 10 Benefits of Using a Content Calendar These are just a few benefits of using an editorial calendar: It helps you maintain a consistent content production schedule. It will stimulate new content ideas. It helps your team work more efficiently – together and in isolation. It makes team members more accountable for content production. It enables you to plan for seasonal content, company events, and national events. It’s a flexible framework that allows you to change your content output according to demand. It helps you plan a diverse range of content topics, such as news, opinion pieces, and in-depth content. It helps you deliver a more balanced mix of content formats, such as articles, videos, and social posts. It will help you to maximize your content output. By using analytics alongside a content calendar, you can track specific content stats. How to Create a Content Calendar in 6 Steps Step One: Determine Your Topics Make a list of the broad topics you need to cover. If you’ve already produced content, look at which subjects you haven’t covered. Who are your audience and what do they need to know? When your content addresses their concerns, they’re more likely to engage with your content, share it, and convert into leads and customers. Just remember that what your customers need to know may change as they move through the buyer journey and get closer to making a purchase. Step Two: Determine the Publication Channels How are you going to distribute your content? Each channel is suited to different content types: Your business blog. Ideal for â€Å"how-to† content and sharing insights about your business. Your website. Create landing pages, videos, and gated content to increase your credibility. Frequently updating content on your own platform also maximizes your search engine rankings. Video sharing sites. For explainer videos, interviews, and behind-the-scenes footage. Social media networks. Great for promoting new content and building brand awareness. Emails. Here, you can target specific audience segments with newsletters, press releases, surveys, and seasonal content. Step Three: Determine Post Frequency You could try to publish a new blog post every day, but do you have the resources and is this necessary? Plan a realistic publishing schedule that your team can handle. Whatever schedule you’re going to follow, keep it consistent. If you’re not sure, start small with one to three posts a week. Step Four: Create a Spreadsheet For most content marketers, a spreadsheet is sufficient. In order to collaborate with other team members, consider using Google Drive as it has secure cloud storage and backup. Include columns with the following information: Publication date. Author. Working title. Content description. Marketing goals. Publication channels. Keywords for SEO. Any calls-to-action. Notes and resources. Status: draft, complete, published, or hold. If you need something more sophisticated, try the WordPress Editorial Calendar plugin, or free editorial calendars from Constant Content, the Content Marketing Institute, CoSchedule, or HubSpot. Step Five: Start Filling in Your Content Calendar The beauty of a content calendar is its flexibility. Seasonal content is fixed in place, but everything else can be moved around according to your schedule and marketing goals. Come up with as many ideas as possible, but remember to keep it realistic in terms of your resources. The quantity of content will depend on the size of your team; if in doubt, focus on quality over quantity. Remember that you can also repurpose content and approach single topics from different angles. Step Six: Define the Workflow To ensure the content marketing process runs smoothly, give each team member a content strategy guide, including: Your overall marketing goals. An editorial guide, including business tone of voice, suitable content formats, and preferred language. A brief guide on how to use the content calendar and best practices. The name of every team member and who is responsible for each task. Who to approach with questions, and which channel to use for communication. Keep Your Content Strategy on Track Ultimately, an editorial calendar will help you consistently deliver relevant content to the right channels, so that you meet more of your content marketing goals. Whether you create your own content or buy content from freelance writers, start with a basic spreadsheet and let it evolve into a more refined content calendar over time. You’ll soon wonder how you ever lived without one. Do you need quality content to support your content marketing? Constant Content connects you with thousands of professional writers able to create articles, ebooks, product descriptions and other assets to tell your brand story, drive SEO and win sales.

Identifying American Basswood Trees

Identifying American Basswood Trees Tilia is a genus within the Linden family (Tiliacea). This family contains about 30 species of trees that are native throughout most of temperate Northern Hemisphere.  The greatest species diversity of the lindens is found in Asia. It exists only scattered in pockets throughout  Europe and eastern North America. The trees are sometimes  called lime in Britain and linden in parts of Europe and North America. The most common name for the tree in North America is American basswood (Tilia americana),  but there are several varieties with separate names. White basswood (var. heterophylla) is found from Missouri to Alabama. Carolina basswood (var. caroliniana)  is found from Oklahoma to North Carolina and south to Florida. The fast-growing American  basswood  is among the largest trees of eastern and central North America. The tree will often support several trunks off its base, will prolifically sprout from stumps, and is a great seeder. It is an important timber tree in the Great Lakes states. Tilia americana is the northernmost basswood species. Basswood flowers produce an abundance of nectar  from which choice honey is made. In fact, in some parts of its range basswood is known as the bee-tree, and can even be identified by the honey bee traffic.   Basswood Tree Identification Basswoods asymmetrical and lopsided heart-shaped leaf is the largest of all broadleaf trees, nearly as wide as it is long at between 5 and 8 inches. The rich green upper side of the leaf is in contrast to the underleafs paler green to almost-white color. The basswoods  small greenish flowers are uniquely attached and hanging under a pale, leaflike bract. The resulting seeds are in a hard, dry, hairy, nutlike fruit, which is quite visible during the fruiting season. Also, take a close look at the twigs and you will see them zigzag between oval buds with one or two bud scales. This tree should not be confused with the non-native urban basswood called little leaf  linden or Tilia cordata. The leaf of the linden is much smaller than basswood and typically, it is a much smaller tree. Characteristics Leaves: Alternate, broadly ovate, coarsely saw-toothed, notched at the base.Bark: Dark gray and smooth.Fruit: Elliptical nut-like, hard seed.

4th Grade Math Lesson on Factor Trees

4th Grade Math Lesson on Factor Trees Students create a factor tree with numbers between 1 and 100. Grade Level Fourth Grade Duration   One class period, 45 minutes in length Materials blackboard or whiteboardpaper for students to write onIf you prefer a more artistic touch, copies with four evergreen tree shapes per page Key Vocabulary   factor, multiple, prime number, multiply, divide. Objectives In this lesson, students will create factor trees. Standards Met 4.OA.4: Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1-100. Recognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is a multiple of a given one-digit number. Determine whether a given whole number in the range 1-100 is prime or composite. Lesson Introduction   Decide ahead of time whether or not you wish to do this as part of a holiday assignment. If you prefer not to connect this to winter and/or the holiday season, skip Step #3 and references to the holiday season. Step-by Step Procedure Discuss learning target- to identify all of the factors of 24 and other numbers between 1 and 100.Review with students the definition of a factor. And why do we need to know the factors of a particular number? As they get older, and have to work more with fractions with like and unlike denominators, factors grow increasingly important.Draw a simple evergreen tree shape at the top of the board. Tell students that one of the best ways to learn about factors is by using a tree shape.Begin with the number 12 at the top of the tree. Ask students what two numbers can be multiplied together to get the number 12. For example, 3 and 4. Underneath the number 12, write 3 x 4. Reinforce with students that they have now found two factors of the number 12.Now let’s examine the number 3. What are the factors of 3? What two numbers can we multiply together to get 3? Students should come up with 3 and 1.Show them on the board that if we put down the factors 3 and 1, then we would be continuing this work forever. When we get to a number where the factors are the number itself and 1, we have a prime number and we are done factoring it. Circle the 3 so that you and your students know that they are done. Draw their attention back to the number 4. What two numbers are factors of 4? (If students volunteer 4 and 1, remind them that we aren’t using the number and itself. Are there any other factors?)Below the number 4, write down 2 x 2.Ask students if there are any other factors to consider with the number 2. Students should agree that these two numbers are â€Å"factored out†, and should be circled as prime numbers.Repeat this with the number 20. If your students seem confident about their factoring abilities, have them come to the board to mark the factors.If it is appropriate to refer to Christmas in your classroom, ask student which number they think has more factors–24 (for Christmas Eve) or 25 (for Christmas Day)? Conduct a factor tree contest with half of the class factoring 24 and the other half factoring 25. Homework/Assessment   Send students home with a tree worksheet or a blank sheet of paper and the following numbers to factor: 10099514036 Evaluation   At the end of math class, give your students a quick Exit Slip as an assessment. Have them pull a half sheet of paper out of a notebook or binder and factor the number 16. Collect those at the end of math class and use that to guide your instruction the next day. If most of your class is successful at factoring 16, make a note to yourself to meet with the small group that is struggling. If many students have trouble with this one, try to provide some alternate activities for the students who understand the concept and reteach the lesson to the larger group.

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The most important sustainable issue therefore to be discussed and explore is that of the reputation and talent management. Issues related with the labor, overtimes, low pays and unhygienic working conditions are some of the issues which constantly spring up in the media regarding Foxconn and which is ultimately hurting the reputation of our clients also. Apple has been focus of the controversy due to Foxconn. To successfully deal with this issue and to ensure that such negative publicity do not occur again, it is to be ensured that a systematic and thorough understanding of the Foxconn’s working environment will be conducted. Since Foxconn works in a particular cultural environment also therefore the emphasis would be placed upon helping the world to understand the actual cultural context within which Foxconn operates and how it is going to address all the related issues. In order to overcome the situation, a complete stakeholders’ analysis will be made to address the issue. Most important stakeholders will be taken into consideration and their views and concerns will be addressed. Especially those of Foxconn’s clients which operate into West and are subject to strict regulatory and ethical challenges regarding their operations and supply chain will be taken into consideration also. After discussions and thorough systematic study of the factors contributing towards the negative reputation of the firm, strategies will be recommended. Based upon the factors identified and the overall requirements of the stakeholders, a through change management plan will be implemented to overcome the management weaknesses and other related issues which are contributing towards this. After successful implementation of the plan, it is expected that the numbers of complaints in this regard will be reduced. Further, the employees will be

Fear Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Fear - Essay Example However, I can now attest that my most terrifying experiences of fear began with just one disturbing adventure in house cleaning that I had. At that time fear entered my heart never to leave again. This first fear experienced in early childhood now seems to have permanently scarred my mind with the shock, never to be undone. While it has now been over 30 years, I remember the event as if it were yesterday. Even writing about it now sends a chill thorough me and I can feel my flesh crawl just thinking about it. This all happened when I had just turned 8 years old. There was a cleaning trip to what I had heard was a haunted house. My cousins had been there and talked about it for many weeks prior and I wanted to see it for myself so I volunteered to help my family clean out this spooky old house which they had inherited. It had been closed for several years and was filled with junk, dust, and mold. My parents did not want me to go, they said I was too young for such work and would probably just slow them down. My cousin, Peter, who was only a year older, was already going to go and I thought that it was just unfair of them not to allow me the same experience of exploring this house. I was not really much of a tomboy, but I really wanted to see this place and see if there were ghosts there. So, I grabbed a broom and dustpan and proceeded to the car, my parents shook their heads and gave in to me, since they knew I was headstrong and would sulk for weeks if I did not get my way, a trait I som etime exhibit to this day, much to the chagrin of most of my friends and family. We arrived at the house in the early morning; the sun was casting long shadows from the banana trees that surrounded the property and the shadow of the house itself folded over us as we parked the car. There was a slight mist in the air and a cool chill, my mother was right as usual I should have worn a sweater, but I did not want to get it dirty. The front of the house had a

True Leaders Essay Example for Free

True Leaders Essay If there ever were a great leader in the history of business and management, it would be William Edwards Deming. Deming was a visionary whose concepts of effective business leadership were decades ahead of his time. It was Deming who greatly improved industrial production in the United States during World War Two and later, ironically, in Japan where his genius was given the widespread recognition it deserved. Deming coined the term â€Å"Profound Knowledge Management† which referred to the notion that successful management is based on individuals and to be successful, individuals must always be open to change and never act in a manner that would be deemed inflexible. From this, a manager can act in a leadership role similar to Deming’s leadership module. There is, however, a significant difference between leadership and its cousins supervision and management. Supervision generally refers to the oversight of employees. Management generally refers to the oversight of company and business policy. Leadership refers to the notion that the individuals that comprise the personnel of a given company have faith and confidence in the person who is making the supervisory and managerial directives. Personnel will look up to a manager who exemplifies leadership qualities. Quality leadership will always inspire and never threaten or sanction as is the case in many supervisory or managerial styles. Are true leaders rare? Yes. The reason for this is that leadership involves a great deal of innovation (as was the case with Deming) whereas supervision/management simply requires carrying out directives. Not everyone can lead, but those who can are never forgotten.

A View From the Bridge Essay -- essays research papers

Eddie Carbone is an American-Sicilian man working in Brooklyn. He works as a longshoreman: carrying crates and goods from the ships. He is quite a large man. His job requires him to be strong and a good worker. In other words he is very masculine. He is an ordinary man. He lives with his wife and niece, whom he treats like a daughter, and like all good men should do, he works every day to provide them with enough money to survive on. Eddie is a man’s man. He lives within a close-knit community of Sicilians and is a well respected member of society. Eddie sees himself as a prime example of how a man should act and look. The ending of a view from the bridge is fairly predictable from the beginning as it is hinted at by the narrator Alfieri throughout the first scene until the climax at the end of scene one where it becomes evident to us that a fall is about to occur. Many factors contribute to the tragic downfall of Eddie Carbone. However it is his limited understanding of what it means to be a man that is the most prominent. Eddie’s perception of what it means to be a man is also connected with his views of women. Eddie’s forbidden love for Catherine is also one of the main driving forces behind the tragedy. The downfall of Eddie Carbone may have eventually occurred even without Marco and Rodolpho coming over from Italy as his love for Catherine was unnatural. Marcos strong belief in the Sicilian codes of conduct cause him to fight Eddie. Eddie’s limited understanding of what it means to be a man becomes damaged and challenged during the play, he responds terribly to these and d oesn’t approve when other men do not act as he believes men should. In Alfieri’s opening speech he makes it clear that something bad is about to occur. He says ‘Sat there as powerless as I, and watched it run its bloody course. This one’s name was Eddie Carbone†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This makes it clear that Eddie too is to follow the fate that something bad, but unstoppable is going to happen. Alfieri, like a narrator in a Greek tragedy, characterizes the chorus in the play and he tells the story and suggests eddies downfall throughout the play. ‘There was a future; there was a trouble that would not go away’. Here Alfieri is explaining that even if Rodolpho and Marco hadn’t arrived, Eddie’s love for Catherine would’ve bought a downfall. Especially seeing as his relationship with Beatrice was becomin... ...ting his name. He says to Marco ‘Now gimme my name!’ Eddie believes that Marco has taken his name. Eddie shouts out to the crowd ‘Maybe he came to apologise to me’. Eddie tries to make the crowd think that it is Marco, who has done wrong by taking Eddie’s name, Marco has damaged Eddie’s pride and Eddie believes he should pay for this. The biggest factor that drives the tragedy is definitely Eddie’s narrowed view of what it means to be a mean. The cousins coming to America only acted as a catalyst for what was bound to happen between the Carbone family as Eddie’s inappropriate love for Catherine would’ve driven them apart eventually. Rodolpho is like a threat to Eddie as he might take Catherine away from him. Eddie not only has stereotypical views on men but on women too. He believes they should look after the house, stay at home and care for their husbands. He sees men as stronger and more authoritative than women. He therefore believes strongly in men having a reputation. This is what finally causes Eddie and Marco to fight, as Eddie wants his name and reputation back. This is how Eddie’s understanding of what it means to be a man leads to his downfall and so drives the tragedy.

Do Rules Contribute to a persons happiness

Do Rules Contribute to a Persons Happiness? Rules and regulations. The two words which every child and even many adults hate to hear. When thinking of ‘rules' we think of something which stands in the way of our doing something we may want to. We immediately curse the rule, not thinking in what way it may be helping us. We fervently wish that it never existed, without really being able to comprehend what the world would be like without that rule.What we, as humans, fail to understand, is that rules are made primarily to help us. We may find them annoying, aggravating, and even completely pointless, but they generally help us feel safe and so, happy. Think of everything in our day to day life which we take for granted. Driving in a car, we expect people to stop for us at some point when at an intersection, that's because someone made traffic lights. Speed limits are another important rule which many people find extremely annoying.Think about this, f there were no road regulation s, would you feel comfortable driving? To all the people who see driving as the ultimate freedom, would you feel the same way if you were in constant fear of being killed? Of course not! The same goes for rules against murder, thievery, drugs, sexual abuse, the list never ends. It is because of all these rules that we are free to feel comfortable and happy in our lives. All the rules so far have been rules on an international scale, but even If we look at rules in our own souses they serve the same purpose.Personally, I would always get annoyed when my parents didn't let me have as much ‘Junk food' as I wanted. I would through tantrums and say that ‘now is the best time for me to eat Junk, while I'm still young! ‘ Now, when I think about It, I am extremely glad that my parents controlled me. If I had eaten too much, I could have had severe health Issues, which would have stopped me from doing so many things which I love doing today, Like playing sports, eating out and Just generally enjoying life.Today I am thankful for the rules set down by my parents, because they are a major reason for my happiness. Overall, I truly believe that rules and regulations are extremely Important to a persons happiness. They may not all help you out (though more often than not you may not see how they are helping you), but without them your life would not be nearly as enjoyable as It Is. As Sheldon Cooper (from The Big Bang Theory) says, Without rules, our entire world would descend Into Anarchy, and who wants that!

Case-8-Accra-Beach-Hotel Analysis

Mc Donald’s and Subway Services Marketing 2011 Submitted By: Ankit Singh Mc Donald’s and Subway Table of Contents CORE SERVICE AND VARIOUS SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 FACILITATING SERVICES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 ENHANCING SERVICES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 HARD AND SOFT SERVICE STANDARDS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 11 CHANNELS OF SERVICE DELIVERY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 COMMUNICATION MIX †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 16 SERVICE BLUEPRINTING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 SERVICESCAPE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 23 SERVICE QUALITY GAP MODEL AND QUALITY DIMENSIONS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 PRICING STRATEGY †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 35 Critical Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 3 Mc Donald’s and Subway Table of Figures Figure 1: SubWay – Flower of Service †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 Figure 3: Facilition Services †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Figure 2: McDonald's – Flower of Service †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Figure 4: Communication Mix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 Figure 5: Role Of Communication Mix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 19 Figure 6: McDonald – Go Global Act Local †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 20 Figure 7: Mc Donald's Blueprint †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 Figure 8: Subway-Blueprint †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 22 Figure 9: Service Gap Model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 28 Figure 10: Characteristics and Evaluation Outcomes †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 29 Figure 11: Strategies to influence expectations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 0 Figure 12: McDonald's Pricing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 Figure 13: SubWay Pricing †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 38 Figure 14 : SubWay & Mc Donald ‘s Pricing Strategies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 41 4 Mc Donald’s and Subway CORE SERVICE AND VARIOUS SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES SUBWAYSUBWAY has come a long way in India since it opened its first restaurant in India. Young Indians have warmed to the image of the American chain, and made it one of their favorite places to swarm to, and hang out in. Subway has very successfully entered the Indian market and sustained its growth by developing a unique menu to appeal to the Indian taste. If you are a foreigner visiting India, you might be interested in indulging in some of the Indianite treats at Subway — for example, the legendary paneer tikka sandwich. Also, as an Indian you might be interested in some of Subway’s Continental trea ts like the Italian B.M. T. Subway offers a wide variety of submarine sandwiches and salads on its menu. It offers an assortment of vegetarian and non-vegetarian fares. They also cater to the health-conscious customers by providing them with 97% fat free subs. Subway offers a separate specialty menu for breakfast. Apart from subs and salads, they also provide side dishes like cookies, desserts and beverages. Subway allows customization of sandwiches by offering a variety of gourmet breads, different kinds of flavored meat, fresh and exotic vegetables and variety of sauces, both low and high calorie.Following the â€Å"Think Global, Act Local† policy, it offers ingredients specific to the locations; for instance, it offers Halal meat in Hyderabad. MCDONALDS McDonald's is without a doubt the world's largest and fastest growing restaurants in the world, serving food and drink to 38 million customers daily. Right from its inceptions through being multi-billion dollar quick servic e restaurant, hamburgers and fries have always been at the front of McDonald's menu. However, their menu has expanded keeping the taste and the lifestyle of the local customers in mind.Its extensive menu also offers a full range of desserts, hot and cold drinks to cater to everyone. McDonalds underlying strategy for success in the Indian market is- â€Å"Local sourcing is the key for Truly Indian products†. Prior to its launch into India, it invested six years to develop its unique cold chain, 5 Mc Donald’s and Subway enabling customers to enjoy highest quality products, absolutely fresh and at a great value. Keeping the culture of India in mind, McDonalds does not offer any beef or pork items. It has developed a specialty menu unique to the Indian palate with a variety of vegetarian and non-vegetarian selections.They are also conscious enough to prepare vegetarian food separately and this separation is maintained throughout the various stages of preparation. So much s o that the mayonnaise and the soft serves are also 100% vegetarian and its uses only vegetable oil as a cooking medium in India. They also have an exclusive menu for breakfast. McDonalds also caters to the tastes of the local people. In Hyderabad, they offer â€Å"Halal Meat† for the non-vegetarians which they quite explicitly convey to its customers through a signage.The efficiency with which the staff at Subway and McDonalds serves the customers is enhanced by the range of services that supplement the core service. Following the flower of services approach, the given figure shows the services that support the core service at Subway. FLOWER OF SERVICE FOR SUBWAY Figure 1: SubWay – Flower of Service FLOWER OF SERVICE FOR MCDONALDS 6 Mc Donald’s and Subway Figure 2: McDonald's – Flower of Service These services can be broadly classified as facilitating and enhancing services: †¢Information †¢Ordertaking †¢Billing †¢Payment Facilitating Enhancing Figure 3: Facilition Services Consultation †¢Hospitality †¢Safekeeping †¢Exceptions 7 Mc Donald’s and Subway FACILITATING SERVICES INFORMATION Information to customers at Subway is provided through different ways: Directions: in case of Subway, they provide a signage to direct the customers to the vegetarian and the non-vegetarian counters. Also, both Subway and McDonalds have user-friendly websites wherein customers can log on from any place at any time to locate their nearest stores. Prices: Prices of the different items of food available at both Subway and McDonalds are displayed on a display board. Apart from that it also displays he prices of the other side dishes which the customer might want to buy. Instructions on using core product: Since Subway is a made-to-order restaurant where a customer has full freedom to customize his sandwich, for a first-time customer, there are instruction sheets at both, vegetarian and the non-vegetarian counters t hat instruct the customers on the steps to follow to place an order for a sandwich. It also lists down the variety of ingredients and gourmet breads that it offers to its customers. Notifications: At Subway, they are prompt enough to notify its customers of any technical problems that might bring inconvenience to them.At times, when the toaster is not in working condition, they put up a notice communicating the same. Both Subway and McDonalds also notify the customers of any promotional or â€Å"combo offers† for the day through posters and leaflets. They allow customers to sign up for offers on the net to get regular notifications on current offers and current news on Subway. Conditions for service: At McDonalds, they promise to deliver the order within minute, at particular time slots, else they give a soft-drink free to the customer.This information is very explicitly visible to make sure that no customer misses to notice it. ORDER FULFILMENT 8 Mc Donald’s and Subwa y The order entry methods followed at Subway are: On-site order fulfillment: Here the customers are served immediately as the orders are placed. Once the customer has decided what to eat, that is, a sandwich or a salad, he moves on to the next step where he chooses bread from a variety of gourmet breads for his sandwich. He also decides the size of the sandwich he would like to have, that is, 6-inches or foot-long.In the next step the customer gets the option of adding extra ingredients to his/her sandwich like double layers of meat or extra cheese for better taste. He then chooses the assortment of vegetables he would like to have. The last item on the list of ingredients is the variety of sauces that subway offers. The customer might want to supplement the sub or salad with his choice of drinks. At McDonalds, they follow an on-site order fulfillment method too, where they promise to deliver the orders in a minute, else they give a soft drink free.McDonalds also allows its customer s to enjoy its meals while they are on their move. Through â€Å"McDonalds Drive Thru†, customers enter the â€Å"drivethru†, place their orders and pick then up within minutes. Web-site order placement: McDonalds allows its customers to become members which in turn helps them place orders online. Telephone order placement: Subway also promises an express delivery facility to offices and home which allows customers to place orders through phone. McDonalds provides home delivery service to its customers with no restriction on the minimum order.However, they charge an additional fee of Rs 20/- per order irrespective of its size. BILLING The billing process goes very systematically. A typical customer would start by placing orders looking at the display board. As he makes his order, the amount due is displayed on the machine after each item is entered. Once all the items have been recorded, the billing machine displays the total amount due. The person who is recording als o verbally states the amount due as a confirmation. The invoice is generated and the payment is made.The billing process uses all the four elements, namely 9 Mc Donald’s and Subway Invoice for individual transactions Verbal statements of amount due Machine display of amount due PAYMENT Payment at both Subway and McDonalds is done using the conventional method of payment through cash or card. The customer is allowed to make payment through credit card only above billing of a certain amount. Also, they provide coupons and vouchers through newspaper inserts, which can be redeemed by the customers. ENHANCING SERVICESCONSULTATION The staff at the counter provides customized advice to customers who are visiting both Subway and McDonalds for the first time. They also help customers decide on what orders to place and which combo offers to avail. HOSPITALITY Subway is seen as a place to hangout with friends. Customers, mostly the younger generation go to Subway when they need to sit, eat and drink with their friends. Also, a Subway outlet is usually never jam-packed with customers, hence there is never a queue to enter or place orders. Thus, there is never a need for waiting space.The customers could also sit for as long as they want without being asked to leave. McDonalds offers high quality products at affordable prices which it promises to serve on time. They have a policy of greeting every customer with the traditional â€Å"Welcome to McDonalds, How may I serve you†. A lot of importance is given to the smile during the greeting. Each McDonald’s outlet has a washroom for must. 10 Mc Donald’s and Subway SAFEKEEPING Subway provides the perfect ambience by ensuring that the outlets are clean, the seats are wellspaced out and it allows the customer to sit back and relax.Their packaging for take always is also ecofriendly and attractive. McDonald's is driven by the philosophy of Quality, Service, and Cleanliness & Value for Money. This transl ates into a commitment to provide customers high quality products, served quickly with a smile, in a clean and pleasant environment at an affordable price. This effectively means that the McDonald's menu is priced at a value that the largest segment of the Indian consumers can afford while at the same time ensuring that quality is not sacrificed for value. The packaging at McDonalds for orders ike â€Å"Happy Meals† which most of the times contains â€Å"happy Toys† and other such items are a major attraction for the kids. These Happy Meals have different toys which when collected will form a set. This in turn, attracts children and increases the sales. EXCEPTIONS Subway caters to the needs of the health conscious customers by providing them 75% fat-free subs and salads. Also, Subway has a policy of getting a feedback form filled by its customers. HARD AND SOFT SERVICE STANDARDS MCDONALDS McDonald’s aims to provide 100 percent total customer satisfaction.In orde r to achieve this goal , McDonald’s relies on its operating philosophy based on QSC & V – Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value. McDonald’s believes that customer satisfaction is crucial to the success of the brand and all restaurants must perform to the standards. These standards are used in both company owned and franchised restaurants. QUALITY Hard Standards: 11 Mc Donald’s and Subway Best ingredients: This is achieved by its commitment to sourcing all its requirements from local farmers and suppliers. Before entering India, the company spent six years and Rs. 50 crore to set up its supply chain. In India McDonalds pioneered the cold chain management which helps keep vegetables and processed products safe for a longer time. Potato farming in Gujarat Radhakrishna Foodland (Distribution partner) focused all its resources to meet McDonald's expectation of ‘Cold, Clean and On-time Delivery’. Trikaya Agriculture (Supplier of fresh Iceberg let tuce) uses a cold chain to store and transport lettuce to maintain freshness all year round. Pre-cooling rooms ensure field to 2 degrees in 90 minutes.Dynamix Dairy (Supplier of cheese) has a completely computer controlled automation equipment to supply cheese to McDonald’s. Vista Processed Foods Pvt. Ltd (Supplier of chicken and vegetables) has storage facilities to maintain temperatures as low as -35 degrees to ensure freshness. Preparation Standards: Best quality standardized ingredients ensure standardized preparation standards can be followed. Every product has a fixed procedure of preparation. However, newer McDonald’s stores offer MFY (Made for You) where the product is made only after the order is placed. Other standards: Use FIFO (First in First Out) for all inventories.Reverse osmosis water treatment plant – best technology for water purification at every outlet to provide water. Strict standards for vegetarian products including eggless mayonnaise and eggless icecream. SERVICE Some soft standards followed by McDonald’s staff are Welcome every customer with a smile and are genuinely friendly at all times 12 Mc Donald’s and Subway Deliver consistent standards of hospitality Seize opportunities to interact with customers in a personal and positive way Be well informed about product contents and nutritional information Always appear clean and well groomed.Hard standards Serve fresh and hot Serve within one minute of receiving order or give a free coke. This is implemented in a few outlets and is not applicable during peak hours. Cleanliness and Hygiene The counters, tables, floor area are to be kept clean at all times. All staff required to cover their heads and wear gloves when within preparation area. All these standards are evaluated by mystery shoppers and rated. This is called a RVR Restaurant Visitation Report) which provides a snapshot of the stores performance over a period of a few hours. The stores are graded either A, B, C or F.SUBWAY No information is available on the hard standards followed by the company. Below are some soft standards Subway has laid out. Quality All material, vegetables, sauces, meat and cheese have to be sourced from the supplier certified by Subway. Franchises cannot procure from other non-certified suppliers. All material has to be stored at specified temperatures to ensure freshness. All franchises are required to abide by the Gold Certification standards of Subway. Cleanliness All employees must at all times wear gloves while making a sandwich or handling material.All employees must at all times wear a plastic covering their hair to ensure hygiene. Service The employees should greet the customer with a smile. 13 Mc Donald’s and Subway They should help customers choose combinations to customize their Subway Sandwich by making suggestions. During calls for home delivery, all the requirements of the customer should be attentively noted and followed. CHANNE LS OF SERVICE DELIVERY SUBWAY Subway uses Franchising as its channel of delivery. Subway currently has 35340 restaurants in 98 countries. This is being followed by Subway from its inception.As all franchisers, Subway requires each store to operate by the strict standards of quality, service and cleanliness defined by the company. The Subway franchise ensures that safety measures are taken by all its franchisees to provide quality food. All employees need to use gloves at all stages of food handling. Members of the specialty food franchise have to attend a training course in their local area in order to provide needed information to their employees on this regard. Fresh food stock preparation and temperature regulation helps the fast food franchise to keep up its high standards of hygiene.It is to provide the necessary specifications on the levels of cleanliness to be maintained by franchisees that the Subway franchise initiated â€Å"Gold Standard† policies. However, there ha ve been several problems faced by Subway along the way. Quality standards: There have been several complaints from consumers all over the world regarding quality issues of vegetables, meats and sauces used in Subway sandwiches. Most of these issues arise due to improper storage of materials in the store. Temperature controls aren’t maintained resulting in spoilage and wastage.Legal woes: Subway has faced more legal cases than most other franchises. Franchisees complain that even one slip results in threatening letters from the head office. Or complaints regarding too many stores opening in the nearby areas resulting in cannibalization. 14 Mc Donald’s and Subway Many instances have been cited by franchise holders where Subway has unfairly penalized them. MCDONALDS McDonald's is the world's leading global foodservice retailer with more than 33,000 locations in 118 countries. McDonald’s has several company owned stores, but uses Franchising for both domestic and in ternational expansion.McDonald's India was set up as a 50:50 joint-venture between McDonald's at a global level and regional Indian partners such as Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited in western India, and Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited in northern India. McDonald’s currently has over 220 restaurants in the country. McDonalds doesn’t provide any financial assistance and absentee ownership of finance is not allowed. Also, the financial requirements are quite steep. MFY- In order to implement the MFY (Made for You) option for customers, the franchises are required to upgrade their equipment at their own expense.This caused some problem with maintaining standard service across all outlets. Pricing and menu may also be a point of difficulty for the franchiser and franchisee as prices vary between company owned and franchised stores. Inconsistent standards- There are several instances of poor service or disgruntled customers complaining about the quality of food served. This is because it is difficult to enforce the exact same standards in all franchised stores. 15 Mc Donald’s and Subway COMMUNICATION MIX COMPANY External Marketing Communications Advertising Direct Marketing Sales Promotion Public RelationsInternal Marketing Communications Vertical Horizontal PROVIDERS Interactive Marketing Communications Personal Selling CUSTOMERS Customer Service Centre Service Encounter ServiceScapes Figure 4: Communication Mix The diagram above clearly explains a generic model for communication which is being implemented by services based companies in the world. The communication model is divided into 3 parts as clearly seen above:a) Internal Marketing Communications: It company should manage the information and its flow from company to employees in order to accurately and consistently reach to customers who are hearing and seeing it. ) External Marketing Communications: These are the channels (not under the company’s control) throug h which the company disseminates the information to its customers. These channels provide equal opportunities to all the companies for communication to masses. 16 Mc Donald’s and Subway c) Interactive Marketing Communications: These channels are in direct contact with the customers when it experiences the services in form of servicescapes, service encounters, Customer Service centers and company’s frontend employees.Mc Donalds Extracurricular Crew activities, Free employee meals in the restaurant, MahaBucks Performance-linked pay, Graduate Career Advancement Programme, In House Training Courses Employee of the Month Newspapers, Magazines Television, Radio, Movies Hoardings, Pamphlets, Banners Emails Websites, Banner Ads, M-Commerce Movies Coupons Combo Meals, Corporate Rebates Nickeldon Toys HCL Laptops Every Month press releases, News Yes Children's Day , Birth Days Bollywood Actors Subway Extracurricular Crew activities I N T E R N A L Horizontal Company Policies Ver ticalIn Housing Training, Performance-linked pay Employee of the Month Newspapers, Magazines Television, Radio Hoardings, Pamphlets, Banners, vehicle advertising on Cabs Emails Websites, Banner Ads, M-Commerce Movies Coupons Goodies , Corporate Rebates No No Internal Branding Branding Through Employees Print Broadcast S E R V I C E M A R K E T I N G Advertising Outdoor Direct Mail Internet & Mobile Discount Coupons Rebate E X T E R N A L Sales Promotion Gifts(Toys) Co – Promotional Activities Press Release News Yes World Health Day Sports Persons 17 Public RelationsSponsorship Shows, Exhibitions & Special Events Media Coverage Mc Donald’s and Subway 1. McDonald’s retail outlets to encourage young voters for the Lok Sabha elections. 2. McDonald’s ties up with Symbiosis Institute Facebook , Twitter C O M M U N I C A T I O N M I X CSR Activity Fit to Hunger Social Media Facebook , Twitter, YouTube Confirmation Calls for Home Delivery Personalisation and Cust omization of Sub. NO Countrywise Website NO Customer Service Personal Selling Sales Executive Tele- Marketing Confirmation Calls for Home Delivery Probing and giving alternatives for better Deals.NO Countrywise Website NO I N T E R A C T I V E Instruction Material Website Brochures Catalog Signage Interriors Servicescapes Mascot Stationary Employee Uniform Remote Encounters Name Boards Kids Zone, Interior Menu Board Ronald Donald Mc Donalds on tissue Paper ,Tray Paper and Sauce Sashes Dress Code Online orders Placing orders on phone At Franchises Name Boards Normal Interiors NO SubWay on Tissue Paper & Tray Paper Dress Code Online orders Placing orders on phone At Franchises Service Encounters Phone Encounters Face to Face 18 Mc Donald’s and Subway Role of the Various Communication MixFigure 5: Role Of Communication Mix 19 Mc Donald’s and Subway Figure 6: McDonald – Go Global Act Local 20 Mc Donald’s and Subway SERVICE BLUEPRINTING Figure 7: Mc Donald's B lueprint 21 Mc Donald’s and Subway 22 Figure 8: Subway-Blueprint Mc Donald’s and Subway SERVICESCAPE It is a well known fact that the environment in which a service is executed is important. They physical environment or the Servicescape provides cues about the quality and character of the service quality and character of the service, cues that consumers look for both before and after buying and that affect their experience of it.Typology of McDonalds and Subway based on variation in form and Use of the Servicescape: Servicescape Usage Complexity of the Servicescape Elaborate McDonalds Subway Interpersonal Service-Both customer and employee MCDONALDS McDonalds recognizes culturally defined expectations in allowing its franchisees around the world tremendous freedom in designing their Servicescape. McDonald’s strategy is to have restaurants worldwide reflect the culture and community in which they are found. Elements of Physical EvidenceFacility Exterior: Exterior Design: McDonalds design exhibits a sense of â€Å"Forever Young† look with bright red and yellow colours appealing to the children and establishing its family restaurant positioning. The building provides a practical, contemporary design that aligns with the McDonald's brand essence while accommodating the latest operational and consumer experience standards. Their mascot Ronald Mcdonald is also present outside each of their restaurants. McDonalds 23 Mc Donald’s and Subway always have all glass restaurants.McDonalds has always clearly identified and managed the various clues that customers use to form the impressions and feeling about their company. In addition to this, McDonalds has separate take away counters in order to save time of their patrons. Signage: All of McDonalds external signage reads as, â€Å"McDonalds-Family restaurant. Also keeping in mind with the local language, all McDonalds restaurant have their name boards in Hindi. McDonalds strongly believes in adhering to the local sentiments and hence none of the outlets in India sell Beef products and every restaurant has this mentioned.Also McDonalds, strongly believes in glass branding for any new products or services they offer. Most of the communication is designed to cater to local tastes and preferences. Parking/Landscape/Surrounding Environment: All McDonald outlets are located are accessible and present everywhere thus capitalizing on brand recognition. Most of the McDonalds have their own restaurants and hence the seating space available is exclusive to McDonald’s patrons. Also McDonalds offers proper parking facilities for its highway restaurants. Facility InteriorAll McDonalds outlet are standardized in terms of layout and have proper in-store branding. The 24 Mc Donald’s and Subway â€Å"Young and Cheerful† design concept is a progressive, youthful, and energetic environment with open views for social interaction. All McDonald outlets are huge with p roper aisles and passages with appropriate signage for seating arena, lavatories, wet floor and food counters. McDonalds has a Made for You food preparation platform. MFY is a unique concept (cooking method) where the food is prepared as the customer places its order.This cooking method has helped McDonald’s further strengthen its food safety, hygiene and quality standards. McDonalds also has illuminated Menu boards that offer a mix of both vegetarian and non vegetarian burgers along with other savories and drinks. McDonalds also has proper queues for placing order and often there is a executive who assists you in order placing. Also McDonalds gives toys for children thus making them wanting to come back. The other visible cues are color, lighting, in-store music, employee uniforms and trays with literary.McDonalds has ample in store lighting and directly in? uences an individual’s perception of the de? nition and quality of the space, in? uencing his or her awareness of physical, emotional, psychological, and spiritual aspects of the space. The bright McDonald stores ensure prompt handling and evaluation of products. In all McDonald stores the lighting is perceived as more pleasant than other fast food environments. The color scheme that McDonalds uses exhumes cheerfulness and warmth. Red depicts vibrance, cheerfulness while yellow depicts friendliness and brightness.At McDonalds, music is a positive auditory cue stimulating specific consumer behaviour and emotions. Music appears to influence buyer-seller interaction. There is audio played about the latest offers and products. Also a balance and constant sound creates a pleasant sound environment. All employees at McDonald are provided with uniforms and name badges along with caps with McDonald signature â€Å"M† arch. Employees are also trained with appropriate soft skills to address customers. Every employee or front line executive greets the customer and exchanges pleasantries 25Mc Don ald’s and Subway which makes them happy. McDonalds also has the policy of serving within one minute or they give free redeemable coupons on the next visit. SUBWAY Elements of Physical Evidence Facility Exterior: Subway sandwich restaurants are often simple eat outs using minimal architecture and traditional branding with yellow and white shades. The facility exterior often gives a look of freshness and is located amidst other eateries in food courts of malls or recreation centres. Signage: The signage at every Subway store is uniform as per international standards.The store size is generally small and hence there is no room for enough glass branding. Unlike McDonalds, Subway doesn’t have extensive branding on door panels and windows. Facility Interior: The size of any Subway outlet is small in relation to McDonalds, Also, since Subway outlets are located in multiple eatery zones they do not have an exclusive seating arena for its patrons. However the exclusive Subway s tores has minimal seating arena. The in-store lighting is sufficient however not exclusively bright as seen with McDonalds.The color scheme used in all subways is Green depicting a sense of Freshness. Most of the subway outlets have the aroma of freshly baked cookies that draws one towards it. The employees have a proper uniform and our courteous. Also the person who takes your order is the same one who prepares your Sub thus allowing more time for interaction. Since every Sub is customized as per the customer it takes time. 26 Mc Donald’s and Subway However all the ingredients used are fresh and thus adhere to Subway-Eat Fresh strategy. Roles of ServicescapePackage McDonalds Strong visual metaphors, right from its outlets to the employees to the trays to ketchup cups Well designed outlets with appropriate with signs, appropriate ventilation and proper seating arena The goal of being the customers â€Å"third place† is achieved with comfortable chairs, children play ar ena for customers to interact Red and Yellow colour scheme along with McDonald branding to differentiate from others. Subway Visual metaphors in the form of wrapping paper, beverage cups. Small outlets or kiosk with minimal signs and few seats. More of a restaurant to have a quick bite. FacilitatorSocializer Differentiator Regular branding 27 Mc Donald’s and Subway SERVICE QUALITY GAP MODEL AND QUALITY DIMENSIONS Figure 9: Service Gap Model The five gaps that organizations should measure, manage and minimize: Gap 1 (listening gap) is the distance between what customers expect and what managers think they expect – Clearly survey research is a key way to narrow this gap. Gap 2 (standard and specification gap) is between management perception and the actual specification of the customer experience – Managers need to make sure the organization is defining the level of service they believe is needed. 8 Mc Donald’s and Subway Gap 3 (performance gap) is from the experience specification to the delivery of the experience Managers need to audit the customer experience that their organization currently delivers in order to make sure it lives up to the specification Gap 4 (communication gap) is the gap between the delivery of the customer experience and what is communicated to customers – All too often organizations exaggerate what will be provided to customers, or discuss the best case rather than the likely case, raising customer expectations and harming customer perceptions.Finally, Gap 5 is the gap between a customer's perception of the experience and the customer's expectation of the service – Customers' expectations have been shaped by word of mouth, their personal needs and their own past experiences. Routine transactional surveys after delivering the customer experience are important for an organization to measure customer perceptions of service Service Quality dimensions ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Tangibles: Physical evidence of se rvice Reliability: Consistency of performance and dependability Responsiveness: Willingness/readiness of employees to provide service in timely manner Credibility: Trustworthiness, believability, honesty Security: Freedom from danger, risk, doubt Guarantee , Certification Competence: Possession of required skills to perform service Access: Approachability and ease of contact Courtesy: Politeness, respect, consideration, friendliness E Empathy Assurance Figure 10: Characteristics and Evaluation Outcomes 29 Mc Donald’s and Subway Figure 11: Strategies to influence expectations SUBWAYLocation: City Centre Mall, Banjara hills, Hyderabad Mode of service delivery: mainly â€Å"Self Service Model† Number of visit: 3 (to check reliability) In our visit to SUBWAY there we had initial perception about the subway of â€Å"low calorie fast food alternative which is quick and fresh†. Reason for this perception was firstly their tagline â€Å"EAT FRESH† and their comme rcials starring Jared who had lost something like 150 pounds by eating an all-Subwaysandwich diet. Finally we also had in mind that there will be offer of day â€Å"SUB OF THE DAY† with this perception when we visited to SUBWAY there was no disappointment at all.From their nutrition charts we could make out that we can have good low calorie food. This was tangible cue on the counter making us aware that they provide what they convey. But best was, they were also having option of normal full of calorie diets for those who like it that way so in our group no one has to compromise. One of the service facilitator for us their separate VEG and NON VEG counter and their separate preparation counter. *Experience till this place actually reduce the â€Å"communication gap† as we were getting all we expected and it was in level of tolerance service zone so it was a good service.Dimension for service in terms of 30 Mc Donald’s and Subway tangible quality was good as emplo yees were properly dressed, hygienic and clean area, good seating arrangement but in combination with other restaurant and finally good ambience with music. After looking at this entire scenario there was â€Å"assurance† that food delivered will be good and in accordance with expectation. We were quit assured with the quality because of the brand image they have in the market. Finally they replace the food if something goes wrong this also increase assurance from their side which is generally unsaid case for all the restaurants.Now further we went to place our order, here we were having ample of â€Å"tangible cue† (physical evidence) which helped us in making the decision, what to order? Further all information about the sub of the day was provided and people were assisting if extra information was required. Finally after billing we went to counter which were situated adjacent to each other to place order. We got customized subs and employees we continuously asking t he way we want from which loaf to what and how much inside that loaf in the same charge. That was a good experience.Finally we had our food and as soon we were finished person came and immediately cleaned the table. *Experience Regarding the tangible cues, were quiet evident as person making sub was wearing gloves and hair cap. Fresh plates were served. All products of papers and plastic were recyclable. Quality of food was good as they were fresh and prepared in front of eyes in accordance to our taste. This actually reduce â€Å"performance gap† as they were pretty good in the employee end. Service delivery was also in time there was no â€Å"standard and specification gap†. Listening gap† was not there as they actually served the food in the way we asked them to prepare and there was no mistake in any of our food. Even each person (employee) was well versed in Hindi, local language and English. â€Å"Empathy† wasn’t that great as they were polite but were in rush as customer were waiting because there were only two person preparing the sub so they have to rush. They were quiet â€Å"responsive† to what were ordering and even when we ask to clean table again it was done immediately. Quiet â€Å"reliable† service as they delivered all aspects equally to all of us and in our every visit.They also asked us to fill the feedback form that was good and person requested to do it. Service gap- Due to lack of loose small denomination money we were not refunded Rs. 10 change even after 45 min when we were going back. They assured that they will do it when we are returning but still it didn’t happen. They don’t provide the timeline in which you will get your order so if there is rush you 31 Mc Donald’s and Subway have to wait long. Even if we have to wait there is no magazine or television which make time cross by ease. Finally common sitting arrangement which make their customer dependent on rush in other restaurant.This can be reflected in low standard GAP and finally to performance gap in case of return of change. This will affect customer faith to their assurance level. Finally there was no operational cues format so disorder of cues was bound to happen. Mc DONALD Location: City Centre Mall (1st floor, Banjara hills, Hyderabad) Mode of service delivery: mainly â€Å"Self Service Model† Number of visit: 3 (to check reliability) In our visit to Mc DONALDS there we had initial perception about the mc Donalds of â€Å"tasty food with fun† and basically reasonable family and friends restaurant.Reason for this perception was firstly their tagline â€Å"I m lovin it† and their adds on different places with packaging and also else were. Finally we also had in mind that it will be not costly at all. When we reach there it was different then subway in many respect firstly, multiple delivery counter and no separate counter for VEG and NON veg. separate sitting spac e and even different private meeting hall. Nice ambience, good music and clean place to enjoy food. There were multiple counters each taking order then and there and no customization. Here look at menu and order whatever you like from the menu.Lot of tangible cues which help in deciding meal and there were lot of complementary priced meals options. It is for the entire segment who seeks value for money apart from quality. *Experience till this place actually reduce the â€Å"communication gap† as we were getting all we expected and it was in level of tolerance service zone so it was a good service. Dimension for service in terms of tangible quality was good as employees were properly dressed, hygienic and clean area, good seating arrangement. After looking at this entire scenario there was â€Å"assurance† that food delivered will be good and in accordance with expectation.We were quit assured with the quality because of the brand image they have in the market. Finally they replace the food if something goes wrong this also increase assurance from their side which is generally unsaid case for all the restaurants. Now further we went to place our order, here we were having ample of â€Å"tangible cue† (physical evidence) which helped us in making the decision, what to order? Further all information about the meals which we generally happy meals were provided and people were assisting if extra information 32Mc Donald’s and Subway was required. Operational line management were there apart from lot of counters and for entertainment they have television ads running around so even peak hours and even waiting was easy. Apart from this they say delivery in 5 min else free which they stick too. That was a good experience. Finally we had our food and as soon we were finished person came and immediately cleaned the table. *Experience Regarding the tangible cues, were quiet evident as person serving at back were wearing gloves and hair cap. Fre sh plates were served.All products of papers and plastic were recyclable. Quality of food was good as they were fresh and prepared in front of eyes at the backend. This actually reduce â€Å"performance gap† as they were pretty good in the employee end. Service delivery was also in time there was no â€Å"standard and specification gap†. â€Å"Listening gap† was not there as they actually served the food in the way we asked and they used to recheck the order before placing them apart this was mechanized function so error was less. Even each person (employee) was well versed in Hindi, local language and English. Empathy† was good as they were polite even while waiting because there were many counters to serve and no customization so efficiency can be maintained even with the speed. They were quiet â€Å"responsive† to what were ordering and even when we ask to clean table again it was done immediately. Quiet â€Å"reliable† service as they del ivered all aspects equally to all of us and in our every visit. Service gap. Yes one of our friends got free coke for not getting food ordered in 5 min this was a performance GAP and free providing increases assurance quality of the Brand.They have good level of responsiveness as they were delivering in time and response to complain was also very quick. 33 Mc Donald’s and Subway Rating on Basis of high low and medium Service quality dimensions (high is good Assurance and low is bad) Tangibility Empathy Responsiveness Reliability Service gap (low is good and high is Listening bad) Communication Performance Standard SUBWAY medium medium high high medium low low medium low Mc DONALDS medium high medium high high low low low low 34 Mc Donald’s and Subway PRICING STRATEGY Pricing is the process of determining what a company will obtain in exchange for its products.Pricing factors include: Manufacturing cost Market place Competition Market condition Quality of product. It is a fundamental aspect of financial modeling and is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix. The other three aspects are product, promotion, and place. Price is the only revenue generating element amongst the four Ps, the rest are cost centers. When deciding on pricing objectives the organization or company must consider: ? The overall marketing, financial and strategic objectives of the company ? The objectives of the product or brand ? Consumer price elasticity and price points ? The resources available with the organization.A well thought out price for a product or service should fulfill three things: ? Achieve the financial goals of the company ? Fit the realities of the marketplace ? Support a product's positioning and be consistent with the other variables in the marketing mix. Pricing strategies are of various types mainly:? Competition – based pricing ? Cost-plus pricing ? Price skimming ? Penetration pricing ? Limit pricing ? Premium pricing ? Target pricing 35 Mc Don ald’s and Subway ? High – low pricing ? Value based pricing MC DONALDS Value Pricing McDonald’s has a unique pricing strategy that falls exclusively on their many product lines.Their Value Meals fall into the category of value pricing. McDonalds has certain value pricing and bundling strategies such as happy meal, combo meal, family meal etc to increase overall sales volumes. For example, you can order a Mc Veggie Value meal that comes with a Mc Veggie burger, medium drink and fries for around Rs99 where the customer can save Rs 39 if he/she bought the food items separately. You can Super Size this meal to get a large drink and large fries for a little more money or you can go with another value meal that might include different items for ifferent price. Figure 12: McDonald's Pricing Also in its promotions, M c D o n a l d ’ s c a m e u p w i t h a v e r y c a t c h y p u n c h l i n e â€Å" A a p k e z a m a n e m e i n , b a a p k e zamane ke daamâ₠¬ . This was to attract the middle and lower class consumers and the effect can clearly be seen in the consumer base McDonalds has now. 36 Mc Donald’s and Subway Promotional Pricing To promote its breakfast menu Mc Donald’s has come up with a new scheme of giving Rs 20 off on its Great Breakfast meal.This kind of promotional pricing is adopted to target new customers, to increase its base of customers and to give a variety in its offerings to its existing customers to help increase volume. SUBWAY Value Pricing Subway tries to create value products by service in terms of quality, ambience, variety, and convenience. By introducing the concept of sub of the day the company tries to satisfy the needs of its present customers by creating a sense of curiosity amongst in the sense they would want to know what sandwich is the sub of the day. 37 Mc Donald’s and SubwayFigure 13: SubWay Pricing Bundling Strategies Subway offers combo offers of a sandwich, potato chips/coo kie and a drink at only Rs. 45 extra for a medium size meal and Rs. 50 for a large size meal. Promotional Pricing To increase its current consumers base and also to attract new customers, Subway has come up with new campaign where with any 6 inch sub and a medium beverage the company is offering another 6 inch sub for free. In September 2011, Subway has introduced a buy one get one free offer on Mondays. This is valid on all its sandwich offerings. 38 Mc Donald’s and Subway 39Mc Donald’s and Subway 40 Mc Donald’s and Subway Figure 14 : SubWay & Mc Donald ‘s Pricing Strategies 41 Mc Donald’s and Subway Critical Analysis MCDONALDS With respect to the services provided by Mc Donalds, the following management issues were observed: 1. McDonalds wishes to rework on its restaurant interiors and match up to those of its self owned restaurants, However the problem that they have encountered is that franchisee owners are unwilling to invest in interior design . 2. McDonald’s has introduced MFY (Made for You) whereby the burgers are made after the order is placed.However, the franchises are required to upgrade their equipment in order to follow this. The franchisees are not willing to incur such expenditure which poses a problem to McDonald’s. 3. We normally observe the customary trend of people queuing outside McDonalds especially during the weekends. This is due to the limited capacity space in the restaurants. This has been a persistent management problem for Mc Donalds. Even though the management at McDonalds has been trying to search for a solution for the same, it fears doing so